English For Specific Purpose
Name : Bhumi Vinodbhai Joshi
M.A English SEM - 3
Batch Year: 2014-2016
Roll No: 2
Enrolment No : PG14101020
Email ID : bhumivjoshi108@gmail.com
Paper Name : English
Language Teaching ( ELT)
Assignment Topic : English For Specific Purpose
Submitted to :
Submitted to :
M.K.Bhavnagar University
Smt.
S. B. Gardi Department of English.
v
Introduction
:
The study of English
language in this modern age of globalization is essential. English language is
the most important language of communication between different countries. India is a land of diversity. In
India people of various states have their own languages . And English language
has come us as a connecting link among various states of India. In India we use
English language as' Second Language' in context in which English is used among
Indians as'Link' or 'An Official Language'.
English plays a dominant role in
each fields and one has to learn English language with Specific purpose. Without
English language one can't compete with other .If one wants to stay in market,
one has to learn English.
Different people can communicate
with one another with the help of
English language .Today world becomes family and we must accept English language as Second Language.
Gradually, English is in process of development and it becomes the language of
the constitution , the supreme court , the High courts and official
departments. English is now firmly rooted in the soil of India. English has
great importance for the integrity of India.
English
serves two purposes:
1.
It provides a linguistic tool for the administrative cohesiveness of a country.
2.
It serves as language of wider communication.
Tony Dudley – Evans was for
many years a British linguist and expert in English for Specific Purposes. He
is one of the most influence authors in the development of the modern notion of
genre; he is usually grouped together with John Swales and Vijay Bhatia as the
driving force behind recent development in English for Specific Purposes.
English language has different
branch of English language Teaching. And English For Specific Purpose (ESP) has
for about 30 years been a separate branch of English Language Teaching.
ESP has developed its own
approaches, materials and methodology and is generally seen as a very active ,
even 'Feisty' movement that has had considered influence over the more general
activities of TESOL and applied
linguistic.
ESP has always seen itself as
material - driven and as a classroom -
based activity concerned with practical
outcomes. Most writing about ESP is concerned with aspect of teaching materials
production and text analysis rather than with the development of a theory of
ESP.
To discuss ESP in detail, we have to
know ' What is ESP?' So, let's discuss first 'What is ESP?' and then use of
English language in different fields with Specific Purpose.
·
What
is ESP ?
Some people described ESP as simply
being the teaching of English for any purpose that could be specified others,
however were more precise , describing it as the teaching of English used in
academic studies or the teaching of English for Vocational or Professional
Purposes. The key defining feature of ESP is that.........
" Its teaching
and materials are founded on the result of need analysis."
When we think about
ESP , there are some questions arise.......
Q.1
What do students need to do with English?
Q.2
Which of the skills do they need to master and how well?
Q.3
Which genres do they need to master , either for comprehension or production purposes?
Specific needs can be identified by
examining that situation and the texts in detail; in contrast , for students
not immediately using English, or about to use it, needs are much more
general.
Robinson
, in her first overview of ESP ( 1980) suggested that limited duration and
adult learners are defining features of ESP courses. While it is in English
Medium schools true that the majority it is in learners are adults, ESP can be taught at schools. Similarly, ESP is
generally taught to intermediate or advanced students of English , but can also
be taught to intermediate or advanced
students of English, but can also be taught to beginners.
English For Specific Purposes Courses are :
Targeted : ESP
courses focus only on the language you need.
Relevant : ESP is about your life outside the training
room.
Specialist : ESP trainers need to understand the
context.
Motivating : ESP language is business or work
critical.
Cost- effective : ESP training wastes no time.
ESP
may be designed for specific disciplines or professions. each field has its own
vocabulary and its particular language. English use in various fields. ESP
courses are just like.....Vocational. People study English for Specific Purposes
so they can,
1. Perform better in the World economy
2. Progress in English language with particular
field like.. Business company
3. Talk with various people who have culture
difference.
4. Face multi-lingual environments.
In each field , we have to use different words for
Specific Purposes. Though it is a English language, language differs field to
field. The ESP teacher needs to bear in mind and exploit of possible this Specific subject knowledge, which leads to
classroom interaction and teaching methodology that can be quite different from
that of general English .
Let's see what is the difference between the ESP and
General English approach ?
The
difference between the ESP and General
English approach :
Hutchinson simply gives the answer that....
"
In theory nothing; in practice a great deal."
Teachers
of General English Courses, while acknowledging that students had a specific
purpose for studying English would rarely conduct a needs analysis to find out
what was necessary to actually achieve it.
Instead
of conduction interviews with specialists in the field, analyzing the language
that is required in the profession, or even conducting student's need analysis,
many ESP teachers have become slaves of the published text book available,
unable to evaluate their suitability based on personal experience and unwilling
to do the necessary analysis of difficult specialist texts to verify their
contents.
The
most important difference lies in the
learners and their purposes of learning
English ESP students are usually adults who already have some
acquaintance with English and are learning the language in order to communicate
a set professional skill.
ESP
concentrate more on language in context than on teaching grammar and language
structures. The ESP focal points is that English is not taught as a subject but
it is that English is not taught as a subject but it is separated from the
student's real interest area. In ESP subject matter area is more important to
the learners.
English
for Specific Purpose is also different in the aim of instruction. While in ESL
all four language Skills- Listening, Reading, Speaking, and Writing are equally
stressed and in ESP - it is a need analysis that determines which language
skills are most needed by the students.
In
shorts, we may say that English for Specific Purpose combines subject matter and English Language Teaching.
Differences between ESP and General English :
English For Specific Purpose
|
General English
|
|
1.
|
Specialized Lexis
|
More freedom to use words
|
2.
|
Motivation related to job
|
Free time activities
|
3.
|
Teach negotiation and presentation
|
Social Events
|
4.
|
Techniques and business correspondence
|
General writing skill
|
5.
|
Goal oriented students
|
Time for game in free time activity
|
Though
there are major differences between ESP and General English. We find some common
aspect in both which are as below :
·
Grammar and various Functions
·
General Vocabulary
·
Small talk and current events
·
Survival English.
What
do the learners want to learn ?
For
different sets of learners ,need are also different. All have their own
requirement to be fulfilled. Some want professional qualification, some want to
acquire the skill of polite conversation, some need English which can be useful
to them to handle business, a clerk wants to know better drafting and
communicative skills, the company secretary wants English skills that can help
to correspond with the business world, an Engineer wants to acquire terminology
related to his profession and English specific to his work.
Students
at higher levels need Academic English, research
skills and more analytical skills. All learners want to be empowered with the
help of a single weapon :English Language Learning.
Tony
Dudley -Evans said that 'English For Specific Purpose' is often divided up into
various categories with mysterious acronyms. It is usually classified into two
main categories:
1. English For Academic Purpose s[EAP]
2. English For Occupational Purposes [
EOP]
EAP
largely speaks for itself; it relates to English needed is an educational
context. Usually at a university or similar institution , and possibly at a
university or similar institution , and possibly also at school level. EOP is
more complicated ; it relates with different professional purposes.
Dudley
-Evans an St. John 9(1998) drawing on an idea from George Blue make distinction
between English for General Academic Purposes (EGAP) designed for pre-
study groups, or groups that are heterogeneous with regard to discipline , and
English For Specific needs of a group from the same discipline.
For us
ESAP [ English For Specific Academic Purpose] or ESBP [ English For Specific
Business Purposes] both are convenient as profession using. No doubts , there
we find the differences in Medical English, English For Engineers or English
For Administration. We may be quick on classification
of this term but sometime it leads to confusion.
Example:
Example:
Medical English may include EAP for students following a degree course in medicine where
English is medium of instruction, or a reading skills course where the subject
is taught in a language other than English , but also a type of EOP [English For
Occupational Purpose] for practising doctors using English to talk to patients.
Above
example is reflection of both types English For Specific Academic Purpose and
English for Occupational Purpose. But let's see individual example of English
For Occupational Purposes. Here , we mention the example of " Tourist
Guide Course" - the person who
wants to English For this Occupation.
Pre-study
, or pre-work courses where learners have not started their academic or
professional activity and therefore have less subject knowledge - teaching
methodology will be similar to that general
English.
The
term 'Specific' in ESP refers to the Specific purpose for learning English. Students
are able to use what they learn in the ESP. ESP approach enhances the relevance
of what the learners are learning and enables them to use English language.
We
return to the question of the defining features of ESP . Looking closely at
'Specific Purpose ', ESP materials will always draw on the topics and
activities of that specific purpose, in many cases exploiting the methodology
of the subjects area or the profession.
Example:
"The
development of reading skill in learners who are preparing for master works in
business administration; or it might promote the development of spoken skills
in students who are studying English in order to become tourist guides."
In ESP
class , Students are taught how the subject matter content is expressed in
English. Learners' abilities in their subject matter, fields, in turn improve
their ability to acquire English. English matter Knowledge gives learners the
context to understand English of the classroom.
Above ,
we discuss that English for Specific Purpose and General English are different from each other . However, in
some situations - teaching methodology will be similar to that general English.
Example:
An
English course for engineers will use engineering situations to present
relevant language and discourse; problem solving activities will probably also
be used , since they draw on skills and abilities possessed by the students.
Characteristics Of ESP as follow :
· ESP designed to meet the Specific needs of the
learner.
· ESP makes use of the underlying methodology and
activities of the discipline it serves.
· ESP is centred on the language (grammar, lexis,
register) skills discourse and genres appropriate to these activities.
The
Variable characteristics are:
· ESP may be related to or designed for specific disciplines.
· ESP may be
use, in specific teaching situations, a different methodology from that of
general English.
· ESP is likely to be designed for adult-learners
, either at a tertiary-level institution or in a professional work situation. It
could however, be used for learners at secondary school level.
· ESP is generally side signed for intermediate or
advanced students. Most ESP courses assume basic knowledge of the language
system, but it can be used with beginners.
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Various examples of words which is used only
in Specific Fields and Specific Purposes:
·
Architecture
|
Buildings
|
Castles
|
City -Various
|
·
Veterinarians
|
Deadliest Snakes
|
Animal on Farm
|
·
Medical Words
|
Internal organs
|
Aches and pains
|
Dentists
|
Automobile Industry
|
Car Parts
|
Accelerator
|
Blinker
|
Dashboard
|
Windscreen
|
·
Weather
|
Clear
|
Cool
|
Warm
|
Humid
|
Stormy
|
·
Drinks
|
Beer
|
Coca
|
Milk Shake
|
Whiskey
|
Juice
|
Needs Analysis
:
Need
analysis also known as need assessment and it has vital role in the process of
designing and carrying out any language courses whether it be English for
Specific Purposes or General English
courses. We may describe it as below :
The Need For Text Analysis :
Tony Dudley - Evans believes that the key stage
in ESP course design and material development. The next stage is when the ESP
teacher considers the text that the learner has to produce and understand,
tries to identify the text's key features and devises teaching material that
will enable to use the texts effectively.
ESP
work has thus always been interested in the structure of discourse and indeed ,
has taken often been at the forefront of applied linguistic research. In ESP genre analysis placed the focus on
'Moves.'
How the
writer structures a text or part of a text through a series of stratagems. Masuku (1996) argues that moves and genres are elements of
discourse and that the difference between them is that move combine to form
genres.
" A
meaningful unit represented in linguistic forms and related to the
communicative purpose of the social activity in which members of the discourse
community are engaged."
- [ Hozayen
1994:1951]
The
current growth area in ESP is the teaching of business English. Needs analysis
in business English must establish exactly how the discourse community uses language
and text and effect of culture on the way that discourse is structured.
Charles
(1994-96) shows very effectively how the nature of business relationship has a
significant effect on the structure of sales negotiation.
Syllabus
Design:
In
ESP syllabus Design abilities like develops requires in order to successfully
communicate in occupational setting is the ability to use the particular
"Jargon " that characteristic of the specific occupational context.
The second is to use a more generalized set of academic skills and the third is
the ability to use language of everyday informal talk to communicative
effectively, regardless of occupational context.
Syllabus design must cover the three
factors :
v
Conclusion :
Discussing ESP with the reference of Tony Dudley
Evans's paper research work we get must
idea about ESP. He talks about ESP with various sides and shows the path for
language . He also argued for the importance of genre analysis as leads the
course design from the initial needs analysis to materials production and
lesson planning.
ESP teacher is
envisaged by those who argue that ESP teaching should be concerned with rights
analysis as well as need analysis . Benesch (1999) argues that ESP teacher
should not act as interpreter of the way that the subject teacher communicates
information in lectures or his/her priorities in marking.
However , ESP has its own movements,
its own journal and it sown procedures, it is still very much part of applied linguistics and continues to be influenced by developments there; it also plays
its own role in the development of applied linguistics.
Works Cited
Patel, Tarun.
"Effectiveness of a video based trainning programme on grammatical errors
of engineering students." ELT Quarterly (2013): 57 - 59.
Sharma, DR Yashwant M.
“Designing English Courses for Generating Employability.” ELT Quarterly
(2013): 23 to 27.
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