Newspapers , Magazines , and Facebook as Journalism

MAHARAJAKRISHNAKUMARSINHJI BHAVNAGAR 

UNIVERSITY,BHAVNAGAR

Smt. S.B.GARDI DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

Name: Bhumi Vinodbhai Joshi

Sem - 4

Roll  No : 2

PG Enrolment No  : PG14101020

Email Id: bhumivjoshi108@gmail.com

Paper Name :  15 Mass Communication and Mass Media Studies

Assignment Sub :

Newspapers , Magazines , and Facebook as Journalism

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Preface :

         Journalism is the social work or work craft and profession of reporting on the events , facts and people that are "News of the day." The media that journalism uses very diversely and include; content published via Newspapers and Magazines , Television  and Radio and their digital media version - news website and applications.

          In modern society -the news media is the chief purveyor of information  and opinion about public affairs. Journalism  however , is  not always confined to the news media or to news itself , as journalistic communication may find way into boarder form of expression, including literature and cinema.The role and status  of journalism, along with that of the mass media, has undergone profound changes over the last two decades with advent of digital technology and publication of news on Internet.

          Words like...Journal, Journalism , Journalists have their origin in the 'French' and 'Journal' meaning of t    he word a book and it has its own origin in the Roman word "Diurnalis" meaning Daily.

• History and the development of Journalism :

          Around 130 B.C in Rome the grew a practice of putting up two handwritten bulletins in main public square. These bulletins were known as 'Acta Diurna'. This was probably the first newspaper ,dealing with event rather than views. Origin of modern western style journalism may be traced back to the occasional news book of 17th century England which offered short summaries of events which had no headlines and large type letters were used.

          From 1720 onward news and views were kept separate industrial l Revolution brought in so many profitable advertisement that news gradually began to be pushed into the side pages, views were expressed more widely in pamphlets as 'essays' like those of Addison and steal in 'The Spectator'.

• What is Journalism ?

           " Journalism is a guardian that never sleeps and protects  freedom of the people."

                                                                                      -Winston Churchill.

          Journalism is a report of things as they appear at the moment of writing not a definitive study of a situation but - it is a contemporary report of changing scene intended to inform readers of what is happening wound them.

          Journalism is one of the part of mass-communication and mass media studies. Journalism is the practice of investigation and reporting of evens , issues and trends to a board audience in a timely fashion and there are many variation of journalism, the ideal is to inform the intended audience along with covering organizations and institution such as government and business, journalism also covers cultural aspect of society such as arts and entertainment.  

     Journalism field includes editing photojournalism and documentary. Journalism is story  with purpose That purpose is to provide people with information because they need to understand the world first.

1.     Challenges are finding the information that the people need to live their lives.

2.     To make it meaningful , relevant and engaging.

*Role of Journalism:

                 "Journalism is voice of the voiceless." and it plays the role of watch-dog in the society. It handles public problems and issues. Now people depend greatly on the press plays very vital role in democratic society. The importance of  Journalism comes from people's right to opinion and expression.

                                            "press is the pillar of democracy."

                 Journalism's crucial role in helping democracy without rumor Role of press or any media is very important for establishing good and healthy society. That's why press should be neutral and give right information to readers. 

                                      ' A good society depend on press.'

*What do Journalists do?

                         Within the different media, there are specialist tasks for Journalists may specialize in only one task . In small organisations, each Journalist may have to do many different tasks. so ,It  depends. They have some different responsibilities and different task to do while writing for any Journals.

                           There is 'feature writing', there is 'Lead writing' etc and an should be considered while writing for any communication like newspaper, magazine,  or face book. Things or news should be define. Desire of writing alone will not make successful Journalist. Journalist (person) need to cultivate certain special qualities and skills. Newspaper, magazine and face book also consider as a part of mass communication. It all plays very vital role in society to spread awareness and also gives information about different issues.

                                    As I further mention that these all three  is a part of Mass Communication. First we get the brief information about Mass Communication and then we discuss it in details.

Mass Communication :

          'Mass Communication and Mass Culture' is a complex cultural phenomenon which is a creation of mass media. It is therefore more precise to them it "Mass Media Culture", to distinguish it from the majority the majority culture or folk culture.

Mass media culture is an entirely urban phenomenon resulting from rapid industrialization and alienation from the majority culture.

The functions of Mass Media as below:

1. To inform

2. To educate

3. To Entertain

4.Transforming of Heritage

5. Commercial    

          Above all functions are also reflected in any form of journalism because it is also the part of Mass Media. Now, We are going to discuss  three major medium which are powerful and strong to spread awareness , share information and to raise  questions against serious issues through journalism. So, let's discuss all three

1. Newspaper

2. Magazines

3.Facebook  as Journalism.

(1) Newspaper :

"Newspapers are the school master of the common people."

                                                                                     - Henry W. Beecher

          People are habituated to read Newspaper  in early morning. Many of them are abdicated to read newspaper on one hand  and in another hand with coffee.

          Have you ever imagine your day without newspaper ?

  Have you ever thought how do you feel if newspaper is no dropped in your door step?

          Just think about it. Because  , without newspaper we can't come across to the world and we can't get the idea what is going on in around us.

          Newspaper gives everything in one form. As it has the function of Mass Media. It gives the headlines of the issues ,it informs us. It has power to educate us. A newspaper is a serial publication  which contains and usually news, other informative articles and usually advertising.

 " The News organisations  publish newspapers are themselves  often monotonically called -Newspaper"

          The publication is t typically sectioned off based  on subject  and content. The most important or interesting news will be displayed  on the front page of the publication. Newspaper may also includes advertisement, opinions, entertainment  and other general interest news. 

          Newspaper become medium to be used in conveying the local , regional, international  news to readers. And thus ,

" Newspaper is one of the initial communication tool of the society"

          A modern day paper has done miraculous activity in recent years and shown that even in the age of internet and news portal , the radio and television , newspaper can still change the life through thought and mind of the society.

   v  Newspaper Journalist :

                 To write for newspaper is not easy because newspaper  has great responsibility because  society stood up on the pillar of newspapers. When someone is writing any story for newspaper , he has responsibility to write particular thing.  S/he should be ware what s/he is writing.

        Newspaper journalists write stories   for national , regional and local press. They report on news and politics , as well as on sports , arts and culture , science and business. They also cover  national and local events, entertainment and human interest stories.

        Newspaper journalism is becoming increasingly multi platform, making IT, web and broadcast skills highly valued. On smaller newspapers journalist have to multitasking; they may work on layout, photography, and sub-editing as well as stories.

   v   Responsibilities :

- Interviewing people in a range of different circumstances

- Maintain the constant  flow of news

e.g  Emergency service , local council , community group , etc......

-Attending press conferences and events and write about it.

- Writing short 'fillers' to entertain and researching and writing longer feature  articles.

- A Social responsibility entailing obligations towards public opinion and society as a Whole.

- Responsibility towards the international community , relating to respect  for human values.

- To protect the consumer readers , listeners or viewers or the public in general.

-Contractual responsibility in relation to their media and their internal organisation.

                   There are many news agenises and many newspapers like....'Divyabhaskar,  Saurashta Samachar, Ful Chhab, Jay Hind ,and  Time of India , etc.......And such newspapers are available in various languages. So that everyone is aware  about everything and what is going around them.

         Newspaper gives each form  in newspapers like................News , sports news , articles,  entertainments, advertisements, etc....So, let's see some examples..............

(2)  Magazines :

         Magazines are usually periodical publications  that  are printed or online magazines , also. They are generally  published on a regular like........ Weekly , Monthly, Yearly, which contain a variety  of content.

         The word " Magazine" refers to a collection or storage location.

" It is a collection of written articles ."

         Magazines are available in many languages as newspapers are also available in various languages also known as periodical publication containing  articles and illustrations , often on  a particular subject or aimed at a particular readership.

         Magazines journalist would need to  be interested in people , places and culture. The organization of magazine journalism  can be founded as far dated back as 1665 in France from a magazine called 'Journal  de Scavans' edited by Sieur de Hedouville.

         Magazines also play very vital role in the society . There are various kinds of magazines  are available so that people are engaging themselves in different subjects. In market we find many periodicals like......Household magazine, Sadhana, Grushshobha, Film magazine like, Chitraloka,   religious like...   Gaytri , Political like...Manogat, others like.. Reders' Digest etc......

         These all are spreading news gives awareness about social issues , cultivate culture through writing and also provide entertainment and mould the society with its aspects. Thus, Magazines are also very significant in its place.

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(3) Facebook  :

         In 21st century and with its growing generation, Social media is hot favorite of all and mostly  youth.

         Social networking provides people  with a way to stay in touch with friends , family members, customer and suppliers and mostly with the world. It also  helps users accumulate and maintain social  can mean the numbers of friends one has and the degree of respect. Many social networks are available now a days like.........Twitter, Blogger, Face book,

         But Facebook is widely using social network by people. Face book   is not only for sharing personal details and emotions and feelings but, now face book  also used for learning , teaching and for academic sharing also. News quickly spread from the Facebook and face book is also used  for sharing news and it has  also  feature of journalistic approach.

         So , let's  discuss face book in detail.

v  What is Facebook  ?

                  

              Facebook is a social utility that connects us with the people, brands and organizations and we care about it. It is founded in 2004 . It has quickly become one  of the most used and visited platforms for people of all ages to communicate and connect with friends  and others who work  , study  and live around them.

v Facebook  Journalism :

            News outlets are considering publishing stories straight to facebook . It's easy to be cynical . But this change could be a good thing - for both readers and journalists.

 At leads half a dozen news agencies including the New York Times, have been in talks with the social networking giant which currently has over 1.4 billion global users.

              Facebook gives quickly updates of recent news from its platform. As well as timeliness , the change may also mean items are more concise. As Spanish writer Baltasar Gracian Said,

                   " good things , when short are twice as good."

          Now , we are living in that world where nobody has much time to sit and read for long time . So, texting and social  media like face book is now the major force in this phenomenon  to spread  news.

          Still Face book  news consumers access other platforms for news to  roughly the same degree as the population overall. There is also threat that people are not  going to  click on link of the news and most probably it is right, too. So , " News outlets rank low in the reasons face book news consumers click on news links." Face book has dramatically transformed the way  journalists do their jobs, Shapira Said ...

" It is become an essential tool , making journalists jobs far more efficient."

                   Though it is little bit difficult task to  on Face book  as journalist and promote it as journalism  many journalist are doing great job on social network. Face book has been ramping  up to improve its relationship with media organizations and journalists.

          It is now growing up with its features and its own importance. Lucich said that..............

"We're only just beginning to see what's possible  with social  journalism as innovative  journalists  are reporting finding sources and engaging with readers through face book platform and face book product. The possibilities are endless."

                   People want to be informed about news as it happens . As news breaks , post as status update , or photo to inform  people through the use of Social Media - Specially through Face book. Journalists must be active on social  network and he should keep  people update as the story develops from different areas. Face book is a people driven platform. Journalists should convey what's the context they need to convey from the story or about story ?

 " Social Network is powerful network to share information and exchanges the views."

       Facebook gives comment box also so Facebook can also  be a great way to source commentary from reader about a news event. Thus, Facebook can be best serve the journalism community.  

Epilogue :

       After discussing all three in detail with it example , we come across that all three are very  important and play vital role in our society. Though it all have some differences , it works for same goal or aim and that's why all these things go together. One thing can't be replaced by other but it just joining  the hand to do work together.

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Works Cited

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper#Journalism>.

March 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazine>.

Mitchel, Amy, Jocelyn Kily and Emly Guskin. Pew Research Centre, Journalism & Media . 23 October 2013. March 2016 <http://www.journalism.org/2013/10/24/the-role-of-news-on-facebook/>.

The News Manual . March 2016 <http://thenewsmanual.net/Manuals%20Volume%201/volume1_02.htm>.